What is a case study?

A case study is defined as an in-depth analysis of a specific subject, which can refer to an individual, group, organization, event, or phenomenon. This research method is particularly valuable in sociology because it allows for a comprehensive exploration and understanding of complex social issues and contexts. By focusing on a specific case, researchers can gather detailed qualitative and quantitative data, providing rich insights that might be missed in broader studies.

This intensive focus enables the researcher to explore the nuances and intricacies of the subject being studied, often revealing patterns, relationships, and causes that are crucial for understanding social behavior and phenomena. The findings from case studies can contribute to theory development, inform practice, or guide policy decisions, making them a crucial methodology in sociological research.

In contrast, the other options explore different research approaches that do not align with the defining characteristics of a case study. Randomized sample analysis involves statistical methods and doesn't delve into the specificities of an individual subject. An exploratory study of a large population would lack the depth associated with case studies, and a theoretical discussion emphasizes abstraction rather than practical, real-world analysis.