The term "hypothesis" is often associated with which method of research?

The term "hypothesis" is most closely associated with quantitative research because it involves a specific, testable prediction about the relationship between variables. In quantitative research, the hypothesis is formulated based on existing theories or prior research, allowing researchers to gather numerical data and analyze it statistically. This process facilitates objective measurement and comparison, which are fundamental to the scientific approach often taken in quantitative studies.

Qualitative research, while valuable for understanding complex social phenomena, typically focuses more on exploring meanings, experiences, and contexts rather than testing hypotheses. Ethnography, as a qualitative method, emphasizes immersive observation and participant engagement to develop insights rather than starting with a specific hypothesis. Mixed methods research incorporates both quantitative and qualitative approaches but does not inherently emphasize the hypothesis as a central feature, reflecting the flexibility in the use of research designs. Thus, while they each serve important roles within sociology, the association between "hypothesis" and "quantitative research" is particularly strong due to its focus on empirical testing.