Random sampling ensures that:

Random sampling is a key methodological approach in research, particularly in sociology, because it helps to eliminate biases that may arise in the selection of participants. The essence of random sampling is that it provides every member of the target population with an equal chance of being selected. This characteristic ensures that the sample represents the population more accurately, thus enhancing the reliability of results and enabling valid generalizations to be made about the larger group.

When researchers use random sampling, they often employ methods such as lottery systems, random number generators, or other means to ensure that the selection process is truly random. This minimizes the risk of systematic biases, which can occur if certain groups within the population are more likely to be chosen than others, ultimately leading to skewed results.

The other options imply practices that contradict the fundamental principle of randomness. For example, excluding some members, targeting specific demographics, or prioritizing convenience would all compromise the representativeness of the sample and could lead to conclusions that are not generalizable to the entire population. Thus, the focus on equal chances for selection is what distinctly characterizes the strength of random sampling.